Shyni Varghese

Education

• Ph.D. National Chemical Laboratory (India), 2002

Positions

• Laszlo Ormandy Distinguished Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
• Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
• Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering
• Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
• Affiliate of the Duke Regeneration Center

Courses Taught

• NEUROSCI 494: Research Independent Study 2
• NEUROSCI 493: Research Independent Study 1
• ME 592: Research Independent Study in Mechanical Engineering or Material Science
• ME 591: Research Independent Study in Mechanical Engineering or Material Science
• EGR 393: Research Projects in Engineering
• BME 792: Continuation of Graduate Independent Study
• BME 791: Graduate Independent Study
• BME 590: Special Topics in Biomedical Engineering
• BME 494: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
• BME 493: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)
• BME 394: Projects in Biomedical Engineering (GE)

Publications

• Shih Y-RV, Tao H, Gilpin A, Lee Y-W, Perikamana SM, Varghese S. Specialized pro-resolving mediator Maresin 1 attenuates pain in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2024 Nov 29;
• Gonzales G, Hoque J, Kaeo C, Zauscher S, Varghese S. Grafting of cationic molecules to hyaluronic acid improves adsorption and cartilage lubrication. Biomater Sci. 2024 Sep 10;12(18):4747–58.
• Cottrill E, Pennington Z, Sattah N, Jing C, Salven D, Johnson E, et al. Gene Therapy and Spinal Fusion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Available Data. World Neurosurg. 2024 Jun;186:219-234.e4.
• Gonzales G, Hoque J, Gilpin A, Maity B, Zauscher S, Varghese S. Branched poly-l-lysine for cartilage penetrating carriers. Bioeng Transl Med. 2024 May;9(3):e10612.
• Hainline KM, Haddad HF, Gilpin A, Curvino EJ, Varghese S, Collier JH. Active immunotherapy for C5a-mediated inflammation using adjuvant-free self-assembled peptide nanofibers. Acta Biomater. 2024 Apr 15;179:83–94.
• Price MJ, Nguyen AD, Haines C, Baëta CD, Byemerwa J, Murkajee D, et al. UDP-6-glucose dehydrogenase in hormonally responsive breast cancers. bioRxiv. 2024 Mar 21;
• Natesh NR, Mogha P, Chen A, Antonia SJ, Varghese S. Differential roles of normal and lung cancer-associated fibroblasts in microvascular network formation. APL Bioeng. 2024 Mar;8(1):016120.
• Subramaniam S, Akay M, Anastasio MA, Bailey V, Boas D, Bonato P, et al. Grand Challenges at the Interface of Engineering and Medicine. IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol. 2024;5:1–13.
• Shih Y-RV, Kingsley D, Newman H, Hoque J, Gupta A, Lascelles BDX, et al. Multi-Functional Small Molecule Alleviates Fracture Pain and Promotes Bone Healing. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Dec;10(36):e2303567.
• Guo W, Hoque J, Garcia Garcia CJ, Spiller KV, Leinroth AP, Puviindran V, et al. Radiation-induced bone loss in mice is ameliorated by inhibition of HIF-2α in skeletal progenitor cells. Sci Transl Med. 2023 Nov 29;15(724):eabo5217.
• Cigliola V, Shoffner A, Lee N, Ou J, Gonzalez TJ, Hoque J, et al. Spinal cord repair is modulated by the neurogenic factor Hb-egf under direction of a regeneration-associated enhancer. Nat Commun. 2023 Aug 11;14(1):4857.
• Gonzales G, Zauscher S, Varghese S. Progress in the design and synthesis of viscosupplements for articular joint lubrication. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science. 2023 Aug 1;66.
• Aung A, Davey SK, Theprungsirikul J, Kumar V, Varghese S. Deciphering the Mechanics of Cancer Spheroid Growth in 3D Environments through Microfluidics Driven Mechanical Actuation. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023 Jun;12(14):e2201842.
• Newman H, Varghese S. Extracellular adenosine signaling in bone health and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2023 Jun;70:102378.
• Rana I, Kataria S, Tan TL, Hajam EY, Kashyap DK, Saha D, et al. Mindin (SPON2) Is Essential for Cutaneous Fibrogenesis in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2023 May;143(5):699-710.e10.
• Kumar V, Kingsley D, Madhurakkat Perikamana S, Mogha P, Goodwin CR, Varghese S. Self-assembled innervated vasculature-on-a-chip to study nociception. Biofabrication. 2023 Apr 13;15(3).
• Yang T, Velagapudi R, Kong C, Ko U, Kumar V, Brown P, et al. Protective effects of omega-3 fatty acids in a blood-brain barrier-on-chip model and on postoperative delirium-like behaviour in mice. Br J Anaesth. 2023 Feb;130(2):e370–80.
• Guo W, Hoque J, Garcia C, Spiller K, Fujimoto T, Johnson D, et al. Targeting HIF-2 in the bone marrow microenvironment as a radioprotective strategy for bone. In: JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH. 2023. p. 3–3.
• Varghese S. BIOENGINEERED PLATFORM TO STUDY IMMUNE-CANCER CELL INTERACTIONS EX VIVO. In: TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A. 2023. p. 138–138.
• Hoque J, Zeng Y, Newman H, Gonzales G, Lee C, Varghese S. Microgel-Assisted Delivery of Adenosine to Accelerate Fracture Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Nov 14;8(11):4863–72.
• Chansoria P, Blackwell J, Etter EL, Bonacquisti EE, Jasiewicz N, Neal T, et al. Rationally Designed Anisotropic and Auxetic Hydrogel Patches for Adaptation to Dynamic Organs. Advanced Functional Materials. 2022 Oct 1;32(43).
• Newman H, Hoque J, Shih Y-RV, Marushack G, Ko U, Gonzales G, et al. pH-Sensitive nanocarrier assisted delivery of adenosine to treat osteoporotic bone loss. Biomater Sci. 2022 Sep 13;10(18):5340–55.
• Bartholf DeWitt S, Hoskinson Plumlee S, Brighton HE, Sivaraj D, Martz EJ, Zand M, et al. Loss of ATRX promotes aggressive features of osteosarcoma with increased NF-κB signaling and integrin binding. JCI Insight. 2022 Sep 8;7(17).
• Perikamana SKM, Seale N, Hoque J, Ryu JH, Kumar V, Shih YV, et al. Molecularly Tailored Interface for Long-Term Xenogeneic Cell Transplantation. Adv Funct Mater. 2022 Jan 19;32(4).
• Kumar V, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Tata A, Hoque J, Gilpin A, Tata PR, et al. An In Vitro Microfluidic Alveolus Model to Study Lung Biomechanics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:848699.
• Ko UH, Kumar V, Rosen B, Varghese S. Characterization of bending balloon actuators. Front Robot AI. 2022;9:991748.
• Gilpin A, Zeng Y, Hoque J, Ryu JH, Yang Y, Zauscher S, et al. Self-Healing of Hyaluronic Acid to Improve In Vivo Retention and Function. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Dec;10(23):e2100777.
• Andress B, Kim JH, Cutcliffe HC, Amendola A, Goode AP, Varghese S, et al. Meniscus cell regional phenotypes: Dedifferentiation and reversal by biomaterial embedding. J Orthop Res. 2021 Oct;39(10):2177–86.
• Newman H, Shih YV, Varghese S. Resolution of inflammation in bone regeneration: From understandings to therapeutic applications. Biomaterials. 2021 Oct;277:121114.
• Kumar V, Ko UH, Zhou Y, Hoque J, Arya G, Varghese S. Microengineered Materials with Self‐Healing Features for Soft Robotics. Advanced Intelligent Systems. 2021 Jul;3(7).
• Hoque J, Shih Y-RV, Zeng Y, Newman H, Sangaj N, Arjunji N, et al. Bone targeting nanocarrier-assisted delivery of adenosine to combat osteoporotic bone loss. Biomaterials. 2021 Jun;273:120819.
• Nayak P, Colas A, Mercola M, Varghese S, Subramaniam S. Temporal mechanisms of myogenic specification in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Adv. 2021 Mar;7(12).
• Jabba SV, Diaz AN, Caceres AI, Erythropel HC, Kumar V, Varghese S, et al. Cellular Respiratory Toxicity of Novel Flavor-Solvent Adducts in Electronic Cigarettes. In: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE. 2021.
• Moreno AM, Fu X, Zhu J, Katrekar D, Shih Y-RV, Marlett J, et al. In Situ Gene Therapy via AAV-CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Targeted Gene Regulation. Mol Ther. 2020 Aug 5;28(8):1931.
• Zeng Y, Shih Y-RV, Baht GS, Varghese S. In Vivo Sequestration of Innate Small Molecules to Promote Bone Healing. Adv Mater. 2020 Feb;32(8):e1906022.
• Aung A, Kumar V, Theprungsirikul J, Davey SK, Varghese S. An Engineered Tumor-on-a-Chip Device with Breast Cancer-Immune Cell Interactions for Assessing T-cell Recruitment. Cancer Res. 2020 Jan 15;80(2):263–75.
• Shih Y-RV, Liu M, Kwon SK, Iida M, Gong Y, Sangaj N, et al. Dysregulation of ectonucleotidase-mediated extracellular adenosine during postmenopausal bone loss. Sci Adv. 2019 Aug;5(8):eaax1387.
• Zeng Y, Hoque J, Varghese S. Biomaterial-assisted local and systemic delivery of bioactive agents for bone repair. Acta Biomater. 2019 Jul 15;93:152–68.
• Serrano R, Aung A, Yeh Y-T, Varghese S, Lasheras JC, Del Álamo JC. Three-Dimensional Monolayer Stress Microscopy. Biophys J. 2019 Jul 9;117(1):111–28.
• Shih YV, Varghese S. Tissue engineered bone mimetics to study bone disorders ex vivo: Role of bioinspired materials. Biomaterials. 2019 Apr;198:107–21.
• Katrekar D, Chen G, Meluzzi D, Ganesh A, Worlikar A, Shih Y-R, et al. In vivo RNA editing of point mutations via RNA-guided adenosine deaminases. Nat Methods. 2019 Mar;16(3):239–42.
• Kumar V, Varghese S. Ex Vivo Tumor-on-a-Chip Platforms to Study Intercellular Interactions within the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater. 2019 Feb;8(4):e1801198.
• Ryu JH, Lee GJ, Shih Y-RV, Kim T-I, Varghese S. Phenylboronic Acid-polymers for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(37):6797–816.
• Hoque J, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Macromol Biosci. 2019 Jan;19(1):e1800259.
• Kang H, Zeng Y, Varghese S. Functionally graded multilayer scaffolds for in vivo osteochondral tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2018 Sep 15;78:365–77.
• Liu M, Nakasaki M, Shih Y-RV, Varghese S. Effect of age on biomaterial-mediated in situ bone tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2018 Sep 15;78:329–40.
• Seale N, Ramaswamy S, Shih Y-R, Verma I, Varghese S. Macroporous Dual-compartment Hydrogels for Minimally Invasive Transplantation of Primary Human Hepatocytes. Transplantation. 2018 Sep;102(9):e373–81.
• Moreno AM, Fu X, Zhu J, Katrekar D, Shih Y-RV, Marlett J, et al. In Situ Gene Therapy via AAV-CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Targeted Gene Regulation. Mol Ther. 2018 Jul 5;26(7):1818–27.
• González Díaz EC, Shih Y-RV, Nakasaki M, Liu M, Varghese S. Mineralized Biomaterials Mediated Repair of Bone Defects Through Endogenous Cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2018 Jul;24(13–14):1148–56.
• Seale N, Zeng Y, Varghese S. Biomimetic Tissue Engineering for Musculoskeletal Tissues. In: Stoddart M, Craft A, Pattappa G, Gardner O, editors. 2018.
• Kang H, Shih Y-RV, Varghese S. Direct Conversion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Osteoblasts With a Small Molecule. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol. 2018 Feb 28;44:1F.21.1-1F.21.6.
• Varghese S. Role of Matrix Proteins in Balancing Tissue Stiffness and Inflammation in Fibrosis. In: BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL. CELL PRESS; 2018. p. 23A-23A.
• Phadke A, Varghese S. Synthetic Biomaterials and Stem Cells for Connective Tissue Engineering. In: Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering. 2018. p. 36-1-36–18.
• Hwang Y, Seo T, Hariri S, Choi C, Varghese S. Matrix Topographical Cue-Mediated Myogenic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives. Polymers (Basel). 2017 Nov 5;9(11).
• Agrawal G, Aung A, Varghese S. Skeletal muscle-on-a-chip: an in vitro model to evaluate tissue formation and injury. Lab Chip. 2017 Oct 11;17(20):3447–61.
• Shih Y-R, Kang H, Rao V, Chiu Y-J, Kwon SK, Varghese S. In vivo engineering of bone tissues with hematopoietic functions and mixed chimerism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 May 23;114(21):5419–24.
• Kang H, Shih YRV, Rao V, Varghese S. Biomineralized matrices as intelligent scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. In: Handbook of Intelligent Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 2nd Edition. 2017. p. 59–84.
• González-Díaz EC, Varghese S. Hydrogels as extracellular matrix analogs. Gels. 2016 Sep 1;2(3).
• Kang H, Shih Y-RV, Nakasaki M, Kabra H, Varghese S. Small molecule-driven direct conversion of human pluripotent stem cells into functional osteoblasts. Sci Adv. 2016 Aug;2(8):e1600691.
• Mo AH, Landon PB, Gomez KS, Kang H, Lee J, Zhang C, et al. Magnetically-responsive silica-gold nanobowls for targeted delivery and SERS-based sensing. Nanoscale. 2016 Jun 9;8(23):11840–50.
• Aung A, Theprungsirikul J, Lim HL, Varghese S. Chemotaxis-driven assembly of endothelial barrier in a tumor-on-a-chip platform. Lab Chip. 2016 May 21;16(10):1886–98.
• Sharma B, Varghese S. Progress in orthopedic biomaterials and drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016 Apr;6(2):75–6.
• Wen C, Kang H, Shih Y-RV, Hwang Y, Varghese S. In vivo comparison of biomineralized scaffold-directed osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2016 Apr;6(2):121–31.
• Aung A, Bhullar IS, Theprungsirikul J, Davey SK, Lim HL, Chiu Y-J, et al. 3D cardiac μtissues within a microfluidic device with real-time contractile stress readout. Lab Chip. 2016 Jan 7;16(1):153–62.
• Kar M, Vernon Shih Y-R, Velez DO, Cabrales P, Varghese S. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with cell cleavable groups for autonomous cell delivery. Biomaterials. 2016 Jan;77:186–97.
• Seale NM, Varghese S. Biomaterials for pluripotent stem cell engineering: From fate determination to vascularization. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2016 Jan 1;4(20):3454–63.
• Davey SK, Aung A, Agrawal G, Lim HL, Kar M, Varghese S. Embedded 3D Photopatterning of Hydrogels with Diverse and Complex Architectures for Tissue Engineering and Disease Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2015 Nov;21(11):1188–96.
• Nakasaki M, Hwang Y, Xie Y, Kataria S, Gund R, Hajam EY, et al. The matrix protein Fibulin-5 is at the interface of tissue stiffness and inflammation in fibrosis. Nat Commun. 2015 Oct 15;6:8574.
• Shih Y-R, Phadke A, Yamaguchi T, Kang H, Inoue N, Masuda K, et al. Synthetic bone mimetic matrix-mediated in situ bone tissue formation through host cell recruitment. Acta Biomater. 2015 Jun;19:1–9.
• Kang H, Shih Y-RV, Varghese S. Biomineralized matrices dominate soluble cues to direct osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through adenosine signaling. Biomacromolecules. 2015 Mar 9;16(3):1050–61.
• Kim HD, Heo J, Hwang Y, Kwak S-Y, Park OK, Kim H, et al. Extracellular-matrix-based and Arg-Gly-Asp-modified photopolymerizing hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2015 Feb;21(3–4):757–66.
• Kabra H, Hwang Y, Lim HL, Kar M, Arya G, Varghese S. Biomimetic Material-Assisted Delivery of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derivatives for Enhanced In Vivo Survival and Engraftment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2015 Jan 12;1(1):7–12.
• Rao V, Shih YRV, Kang H, Kabra H, Varghese S. Adenosine signaling mediates osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on mineralized matrices. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2015 Jan 1;3(NOV).
• Aung A, Seo YN, Lu S, Wang Y, Jamora C, del Álamo JC, et al. 3D traction stresses activate protease-dependent invasion of cancer cells. Biophys J. 2014 Dec 2;107(11):2528–37.
• Kang H, Shih Y-RV, Hwang Y, Wen C, Rao V, Seo T, et al. Mineralized gelatin methacrylate-based matrices induce osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater. 2014 Dec;10(12):4961–70.
• Kang J, Park HM, Kim YW, Kim YH, Varghese S, Seok HK, et al. Control of mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and differentiation depending on cell adhesion mechanism. Eur Cell Mater. 2014 Nov 25;28:387–403.
• Kang H, Wen C, Hwang Y, Shih YRV, Kar M, Seo SW, et al. Biomineralized matrix-assisted osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2014 Sep 14;2(34):5676–88.
• Hwang Y, Suk S, Shih Y-RV, Seo T, Du B, Xie Y, et al. WNT3A promotes myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and enhances in vivo engraftment. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 1;4:5916.
• Caro-Diaz EJE, Aung A, Xu J, Varghese S, Theodorakis EA. Fusarisetins: structure-function studies on a novel class of cell migration inhibitors. Organic Chemistry Frontiers. 2014 Apr 1;1(2):135–9.
• Shih Y-RV, Hwang Y, Phadke A, Kang H, Hwang NS, Caro EJ, et al. Calcium phosphate-bearing matrices induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through adenosine signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 21;111(3):990–5.
• Lim HL, Hwang Y, Kar M, Varghese S. Smart hydrogels as functional biomimetic systems. Biomaterials Science. 2014 Jan 1;2(5):603–18.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Lee HJ, Zhang Z, Elisseeff J. Biomaterials directed in vivo osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2013 Aug;19(15–16):1723–32.
• Phadke A, Hwang Y, Kim SH, Yamaguchi T, Masuda K, Varghese S. Effect of scaffold microarchitecture on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Eur Cell Mater. 2013 Jan 18;25:114–29.
• Castro-Ceseña AB, Novitskaya EE, Phadke A, Varghese S, McKittrick J. Isolation of collagen from cortical bovine bone for preparation of porous collagen sponges. In: Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. 2013. p. 73–8.
• Hwang Y, Suk S, Lin S, Tierney M, Du B, Seo T, et al. Directed in vitro myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and their in vivo engraftment. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e72023.
• Chang C-W, Hwang Y, Brafman D, Hagan T, Phung C, Varghese S. Engineering cell-material interfaces for long-term expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials. 2013 Jan;34(4):912–21.
• Aung A, Varghese S. Traction stress as a modulator for protease dependent invasion of cancer cells. In: Food, Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering Division 2013 - Core Programming Area at the 2013 AIChE Annual Meeting: Global Challenges for Engineering a Sustainable Future. 2013. p. 847–8.
• Nguyen QT, Hwang Y, Chen AC, Varghese S, Sah RL. Cartilage-like mechanical properties of poly (ethylene glycol)-diacrylate hydrogels. Biomaterials. 2012 Oct;33(28):6682–90.
• Phadke A, Shih Y-RV, Varghese S. Mineralized synthetic matrices as an instructive microenvironment for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Macromol Biosci. 2012 Aug;12(8):1022–32.
• Varghese S, Jamora C. Hydrogels: A versatile tool with a myriad of biomedical and research applications for the skin. Expert Review of Dermatology. 2012 Aug 1;7(4):315–7.
• Soman P, Lee JW, Phadke A, Varghese S, Chen S. Spatial tuning of negative and positive Poisson's ratio in a multi-layer scaffold. Acta Biomater. 2012 Jul;8(7):2587–94.
• Soman P, Fozdar DY, Lee JW, Phadke A, Varghese S, Chen S. A three-dimensional polymer scaffolding material exhibiting a zero Poisson's ratio. Soft Matter. 2012 May 14;8(18):4946–51.
• Phadke A, Zhang C, Arman B, Hsu C-C, Mashelkar RA, Lele AK, et al. Rapid self-healing hydrogels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Mar 20;109(12):4383–8.
• Varghese S, Engler AJ. Musculoskeletal cell mechanics. In: Orthopaedic Biomechanics. 2012. p. 301–23.
• Sangaj N, Varghese S. Controlling stem cells with biomaterials. In: Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review of the Past and Future Trends. 2011. p. 511–38.
• Zhang C, Sangaj N, Hwang Y, Phadke A, Chang C-W, Varghese S. Oligo(trimethylene carbonate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-oligo(trimethylene carbonate) triblock-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2011 Sep;7(9):3362–9.
• Hwang Y, Phadke A, Varghese S. Engineered microenvironments for self-renewal and musculoskeletal differentiation of stem cells. Regen Med. 2011 Jul;6(4):505–24.
• Lin S, Sangaj N, Razafiarison T, Zhang C, Varghese S. Influence of physical properties of biomaterials on cellular behavior. Pharm Res. 2011 Jun;28(6):1422–30.
• Ayala R, Zhang C, Yang D, Hwang Y, Aung A, Shroff SS, et al. Engineering the cell-material interface for controlling stem cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Biomaterials. 2011 May;32(15):3700–11.
• Gillies AR, Smith LR, Lieber RL, Varghese S. Method for decellularizing skeletal muscle without detergents or proteolytic enzymes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2011 Apr;17(4):383–9.
• Lim HL, Chuang JC, Tran T, Aung A, Arya G, Varghese S. Dynamic Electromechanical Hydrogel Matrices for Stem Cell Culture. Adv Funct Mater. 2011 Jan 7;21(1).
• Neiman VJ, Varghese S. Synthetic bio-actuators and their applications in biomedicine. Smart Structures and Systems. 2011 Jan 1;7(3):185–98.
• Aung A, Gupta G, Majid G, Varghese S. Osteoarthritic chondrocyte-secreted morphogens induce chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Jan;63(1):148–58.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Li H, Elisseeff J. Regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in PEG-ECM hydrogels. Cell and Tissue Research. 2011 Jan 1;344(3):499–509.
• Sangaj N, Kyriakakis P, Yang D, Chang C-W, Arya G, Varghese S. Heparin mimicking polymer promotes myogenic differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. Biomacromolecules. 2010 Dec 13;11(12):3294–300.
• Brafman DA, Chang CW, Fernandez A, Willert K, Varghese S, Chien S. Long-term human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal on synthetic polymer surfaces. Biomaterials. 2010 Dec;31(34):9135–44.
• Chang CW, Van Spreeuwel A, Zhang C, Varghese S. PEG/clay nanocomposite hydrogel: A mechanically robust tissue engineering scaffold. Soft Matter. 2010 Oct 21;6(20):5157–64.
• Hwang Y, Sangaj N, Varghese S. Interconnected macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) cryogels as a cell scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Oct;16(10):3033–41.
• Phadke A, Zhang C, Hwang Y, Vecchio K, Varghese S. Templated mineralization of synthetic hydrogels for bone-like composite materials: role of matrix hydrophobicity. Biomacromolecules. 2010 Aug 9;11(8):2060–8.
• Brammer KS, Oh S, Frandsen CJ, Varghese S, Jin S. Nanotube surface triggers increased chondrocyte extracellular matrix production. Materials Science and Engineering C. 2010 May 10;30(4):518–25.
• Varghese S, Hwang NS, Ferran A, Hillel A, Theprungsirikul P, Canver AC, et al. Engineering musculoskeletal tissues with human embryonic germ cell derivatives. Stem Cells. 2010 Apr;28(4):765–74.
• Hwang Y, Zhang C, Varghese S. Poly(ethylene glycol) cryogels as potential cell scaffolds: Effect of polymerization conditions on cryogel microstructure and properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2010 Jan 1;20(2):345–51.
• Phadke A, Chang CW, Varghese S. Functional Biomaterials for Controlling Stem Cell Differentiation. In: Studies in Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials. 2010. p. 19–44.
• Zhang C, Aung A, Liao L, Varghese S. A novel single precursor-based biodegradable hydrogel with enhanced mechanical properties. Soft Matter. 2009 Oct 21;5(20):3831–4.
• Hillel AT, Varghese S, Petsche J, Shamblott MJ, Elisseeff JH. Embryonic germ cells are capable of adipogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A. 2009 Mar;15(3):479–86.
• Hwang NS, Zhang C, Hwang Y-S, Varghese S. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and roles in regenerative medicine. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2009;1(1):97–106.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Lee HJ, Zhang Z, Ye Z, Bae J, et al. In vivo commitment and functional tissue regeneration using human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 30;105(52):20641–6.
• Lee HJ, Yu C, Chansakul T, Hwang NS, Varghese S, Yu SM, et al. Enhanced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in collagen mimetic peptide-mediated microenvironment. Tissue Engineering - Part A. 2008 Nov 1;14(11):1843–51.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Elisseeff J. Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. PLoS One. 2008 Jun 25;3(6):e2498.
• Lee HJ, Yu C, Chansakul T, Varghese S, Hwang NS, Elisseeff JH. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells by coculture with hepatic cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2008 Jun;17(3):555–63.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Elisseeff J. Controlled differentiation of stem cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008 Jan 14;60(2):199–214.
• Varghese S, Hwang NS, Canver AC, Theprungsirikul P, Lin DW, Elisseeff J. Chondroitin sulfate based niches for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Matrix Biol. 2008 Jan;27(1):12–21.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Lee HJ, Theprungsirikul P, Canver A, Sharma B, et al. Response of zonal chondrocytes to extracellular matrix-hydrogels. FEBS Lett. 2007 Sep 4;581(22):4172–8.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Puleo C, Zhang Z, Elisseeff J. Morphogenetic signals from chondrocytes promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;212(2):281–4.
• Wang D-A, Varghese S, Sharma B, Strehin I, Fermanian S, Gorham J, et al. Multifunctional chondroitin sulphate for cartilage tissue-biomaterial integration. Nat Mater. 2007 May;6(5):385–92.
• Varghese S, Theprungsirikul P, Sahani S, Hwang N, Yarema KJ, Elisseeff JH. Glucosamine modulates chondrocyte proliferation, matrix synthesis, and gene expression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007 Jan;15(1):59–68.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Elisseeff J. Cartilage tissue engineering: Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells in three-dimensional hydrogel culture. Methods Mol Biol. 2007;407:351–73.
• Varghese S, Elisseeff JH. Hydrogels for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Vol. 203. 2006.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Theprungsirikul P, Canver A, Elisseeff J. Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells in hydrogels with glucosamine. Biomaterials. 2006 Dec;27(36):6015–23.
• Hwang NS, Varghese S, Zhang Z, Elisseeff J. Chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cells in arginine-glycine-aspartate-modified hydrogels. Tissue Eng. 2006 Sep;12(9):2695–706.
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