P. Lee Ferguson

Research Interests

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• Environmental analytical chemistry and applications of high resolution mass spectrometry to trace organic contaminant analysis
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• Environmental fate of per-and-polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment
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• Polymer additives and microplastics in the aquatic environment
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• Mechanisms of environmental endocrine disruption in aquatic organisms
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Bio

Dr. Ferguson is an Environmental Analytical Chemist who joined Duke in 2009 after six years as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry at the University of South Carolina.

Research in the Ferguson laboratory is focused on development and application of analytical methods for measuring organic pollutants in the environment. Specifically, a major thrust of research in the lab involves the application of high resolution mass spectrometry to detect, identify, and quantify emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water.  His recent work has centered on the development of non-targeted analysis workflows and methods, assessment of polyfluorinated alkyl substances in water and wastewater, and leaching and bioaccessibility of polymer-associated chemicals from microplastic particles in the aquatic environment.  He has published over 100 peer-reviewed chapters and journal articles, serves on advisory councils for several organizations focused on emerging pollutants in the environment, and has testified before the U.S. Senate on environmental health concerns related to nanotechnology.  In North Carolina, he helped lead the formation of the NC PFAS Testing Network to assess statewide drinking water contamination from PFAS chemicals.

Education

• Ph.D. State University of New York, Stony Brook, 2002

Positions

• Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Associate Professor in the Division of Marine Science and Policy

Awards, Honors, and Distinctions

• Applied Research Fellowship. North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality. 2022
• Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow. National Academy of Sciences. 2011
• Outstanding Performance Award. Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. 2003
• President's Award to Distinguished Doctoral Students. Stony Brook University. 2002
• Honorable Mention. National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Competition. 1998
• U.S. EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998
• Belle W. Baruch Outstanding Undergrduate in Marine Science Award. University of South Carolina. 1997
• Howard Hughes Undergraduate Research Fellow. University of South Carolina. 1996
• Senior Scholars Scholarship. University of South Carolina. 1996
• Undergraduate Research Fellow, South Carolina EPSCoR. National Science Foundation. 1995

Courses Taught

• MARSCI 573A: Coastal and Marine Pollution
• MARSCI 393A: Research Independent Study
• ENVIRON 999: Duke Environmental Leadership: Master's Project
• ENVIRON 997: Duke Environmental Leadership: Independent Studies and Projects
• ENVIRON 899: Master's Project
• ENVIRON 898: Program Area Seminar
• ENVIRON 667: Chemical Transformation of Environmental Contaminants
• ENVIRON 593: Independent Studies and Projects
• ENVIRON 573A: Coastal and Marine Pollution
• ENVIRON 566: Environmental Analytical Chemistry
• ENVIRON 393A: Research Independent Study
• ENVIRON 393: Research Independent Study
• CEE 667: Chemical Transformation of Environmental Contaminants
• CEE 565: Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Publications

• Herkert NJ, Getzinger GJ, Hoffman K, Young AS, Allen JG, Levasseur JL, et al. Wristband Personal Passive Samplers and Suspect Screening Methods Highlight Gender Disparities in Chemical Exposures. Environmental science & technology. 2024 Sep;58(35):15497–510.
• Barrett ES, Ames JL, Eick SM, Peterson AK, Rivera-Núñez Z, Starling AP, et al. Advancing Understanding of Chemical Exposures and Maternal-child Health Through the U.S. Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program: A Scoping Review. Current environmental health reports. 2024 Sep;11(3):390–403.
• O’Shea TM, Jensen ET, Yi JX, Lester B, Aschner JL, Stroustrup A, et al. Association of Growth During Infancy with Neurodevelopment and Obesity in Children Born Very Preterm: The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort. J Pediatr. 2024 Aug;271:114050.
• Guelfo JL, Ferguson PL, Beck J, Chernick M, Doria-Manzur A, Faught PW, et al. Lithium-ion battery components are at the nexus of sustainable energy and environmental release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Nature communications. 2024 Jul;15(1):5548.
• King DE, Sparling AC, Joyce AS, Ryde IT, DeSouza B, Ferguson PL, et al. Lack of detectable sex differences in the mitochondrial function of Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Ecol Evol. 2024 Apr 26;24(1):55.
• Ferguson PL, Jayasundara N, Ulrich JC, Hoffman K, Gunasekara T, Sandamini P, et al. Response to Comment on “Glyphosate and Fluoride in High-Hardness Drinking Water Are Positively Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka”. Environmental Science and Technology Letters. 2024 Apr 9;11(4):378–9.
• Ferguson PL, Jayasundara N, Ulrich JC, Hoffman K, Gunasekara TDKSC, Sandamini PMMA, et al. Rebuttal to Comment on “Glyphosate and Fluoride in High-Hardness Drinking Water Are Positively Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka”. Environmental Science and Technology Letters. 2024 Mar 12;11(3):290–1.
• Overdahl KE, Tighe RM, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL. Investigating sensitization activity of azobenzene disperse dyes via the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Dec;182:114108.
• Overdahl KE, Kassotis CD, Hoffman K, Getzinger GJ, Phillips A, Hammel S, et al. Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes and related compounds in house dust and their correlations with other organic contaminant classes. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 2023 Nov;337:122491.
• Ulrich JC, Hoffman K, Gunasekara TDKSC, Sandamini PMMA, Jackson BP, De Silva PMCS, et al. Glyphosate and Fluoride in High-Hardness Drinking Water Are Positively Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Environmental Science and Technology Letters. 2023 Oct 10;10(10):916–23.
• Muir DCG, Getzinger GJ, McBride M, Ferguson PL. How Many Chemicals in Commerce Have Been Analyzed in Environmental Media? A 50 Year Bibliometric Analysis. Environmental science & technology. 2023 Jun;57(25):9119–29.
• Lindborg AR, Overdahl KE, Vogler B, Lin D, Sutton R, Ferguson PL. Assessment of Long-Chain Polyethoxylate Surfactants in Wastewater Effluent, Stormwater Runoff, and Ambient Water of San Francisco Bay, CA. ACS ES and T Water. 2023 Apr 14;3(4):1233–42.
• Camdzic D, Dickman RA, Joyce AS, Wallace JS, Ferguson PL, Aga DS. Quantitation of Total PFAS Including Trifluoroacetic Acid with Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Analytical chemistry. 2023 Apr;95(13):5484–8.
• Shojaei M, Joyce AS, Ferguson PL, Guelfo JL. Novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an active-use C6-based aqueous film forming foam. Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters. 2022 Nov 1;3.
• Pétré M-A, Salk KR, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL, Tait G, Obenour DR, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in river discharge: Modeling loads upstream and downstream of a PFAS manufacturing plant in the Cape Fear watershed, North Carolina. The Science of the total environment. 2022 Jul;831:154763.
• Markovich ZR, Hartman JH, Ryde IT, Hershberger KA, Joyce AS, Ferguson PL, et al. Mild pentachlorophenol-mediated uncoupling of mitochondria depletes ATP but does not cause an oxidized redox state or dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Current research in toxicology. 2022 Jan;3:100084.
• Herkert NJ, Kassotis CD, Zhang S, Han Y, Pulikkal VF, Sun M, et al. Characterization of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances Present in Commercial Anti-fog Products and Their In Vitro Adipogenic Activity. Environmental science & technology. 2022 Jan;56(2):1162–73.
• Overdahl KE, Gooden D, Bobay B, Getzinger GJ, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL. Characterizing azobenzene disperse dyes in commercial mixtures and children's polyester clothing. Environ Pollut. 2021 Oct 15;287:117299.
• Hunter B, Walker I, Lassiter R, Lassiter V, Gibson JM, Ferguson PL, et al. Evaluation of private well contaminants in an underserved North Carolina community. The Science of the total environment. 2021 Oct;789:147823.
• Walker I, Montaño MD, Lankone RS, Fairbrother DH, Ferguson PL. Influence of CNT loading and environmental stressors on leaching of polymer-associated chemicals from epoxy and polycarbonate nanocomposites. Environmental Chemistry. 2021 Sep 1;18(3):131–41.
• Ulrich JC, Ferguson PL. Development of a sensitive direct injection LC-MS/MS method for the detection of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in hard waters. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2021 Jun;413(14):3763–74.
• Getzinger G, Ferguson L. High-Throughput Trace-Level Suspect Screening for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Environmental Waters by Peak-Focusing Online Solid Phase Extraction and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACS ES&T Water. 2021 Apr 8;
• Overdahl KE, Sutton R, Sun J, DeStefano NJ, Getzinger GJ, Ferguson PL. Assessment of emerging polar organic pollutants linked to contaminant pathways within an urban estuary using non-targeted analysis. Environmental science Processes & impacts. 2021 Mar;23(3):429–45.
• Getzinger GJ, Higgins CP, Ferguson PL. Structure Database and In Silico Spectral Library for Comprehensive Suspect Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Environmental Media by High-resolution Mass Spectrometry. Analytical chemistry. 2021 Feb;93(5):2820–7.
• Montaño MD, Liu K, Sabo-Attwood T, Ferguson PL. Analysis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Estuarine Sediments by Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation Coupled to Near-Infrared Fluorescence Spectroscopy Reveals Disassociation of Residual Metal Catalyst Nanoparticles. Environmental science & technology. 2021 Jan;55(2):1015–23.
• Getzinger G, Higgins CP, Ferguson PL. Data and scripts from: A structure database and in silico spectral library for comprehensive suspect screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental media by high-resolution mass spectrometry. 2020.
• Babich R, Ulrich JC, Ekanayake EMDV, Massarsky A, De Silva PMCS, Manage PM, et al. Kidney developmental effects of metal-herbicide mixtures: Implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Environment international. 2020 Nov;144:106019.
• Czaplicki LM, Redfern LK, Cooper EM, Ferguson PL, Vilgalys R, Gunsch CK. Investigating the mycobiome of the Holcomb Creosote Superfund Site. Chemosphere. 2020 Aug;252:126208.
• Getzinger GJ, Ferguson PL. Illuminating the exposome with high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry and nontargeted analysis. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health. 2020 Jun 1;15:49–56.
• Phillips AL, Herkert NJ, Ulrich JC, Hartman JH, Ruis MT, Cooper EM, et al. In Vitro Metabolism of Isopropylated and tert-Butylated Triarylphosphate Esters Using Human Liver Subcellular Fractions. Chemical research in toxicology. 2020 Jun;33(6):1428–41.
• McDonough CA, Choyke S, Ferguson PL, DeWitt JC, Higgins CP. Bioaccumulation of Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Mice Dosed with an Aqueous Film-Forming Foam. Environmental science & technology. 2020 May;54(9):5700–9.
• Herkert NJ, Merrill J, Peters C, Bollinger D, Zhang S, Hoffman K, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of point-of-use residential drinking water filters for perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass). Environmental Science and Technology Letters. 2020 Mar 10;7(3):178–84.
• Hu L, Chernick M, Lewis AM, Ferguson PL, Hinton DE. Chronic microfiber exposure in adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). PloS one. 2020 Jan;15(3):e0229962.
• Choyke S, Ferguson PL. Molecular characterization of nonionic surfactant components of the Corexit® 9500 oil spill dispersant by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2019 Nov;33(22):1683–94.
• Evans MV, Getzinger G, Luek JL, Hanson AJ, McLaughlin MC, Blotevogel J, et al. In situ transformation of ethoxylate and glycol surfactants by shale-colonizing microorganisms during hydraulic fracturing. The ISME journal. 2019 Nov;13(11):2690–700.
• Redfern LK, Gardner CM, Hodzic E, Ferguson PL, Hsu-Kim H, Gunsch CK. A new framework for approaching precision bioremediation of PAH contaminated soils. Journal of hazardous materials. 2019 Oct;378:120859.
• Farner Budarz J, Cooper EM, Gardner C, Hodzic E, Ferguson PL, Gunsch CK, et al. Chlorpyrifos degradation via photoreactive TiO₂ nanoparticles: Assessing the impact of a multi-component degradation scenario. Journal of hazardous materials. 2019 Jun;372:61–8.
• Nicholas J, Chen H, Liu K, Venu I, Bolser D, Saleh NB, et al. Utilization of Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging to Track and Quantify the Pulmonary Retention of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice. NanoImpact. 2019 Feb;14:100167.
• Czaplicki LM, Dharia M, Cooper EM, Ferguson PL, Gunsch CK. Evaluating the mycostimulation potential of select carbon amendments for the degradation of a model PAH by an ascomycete strain enriched from a superfund site. Biodegradation. 2018 Oct;29(5):463–71.
• Kollitz EM, Kassotis CD, Hoffman K, Ferguson PL, Sosa JA, Stapleton HM. Chemical Mixtures Isolated from House Dust Disrupt Thyroid Receptor β Signaling. Environmental science & technology. 2018 Oct;52(20):11857–64.
• Schaefer CE, Choyke S, Ferguson PL, Andaya C, Burant A, Maizel A, et al. Electrochemical Transformations of Perfluoroalkyl Acid (PFAA) Precursors and PFAAs in Groundwater Impacted with Aqueous Film Forming Foams. Environmental science & technology. 2018 Sep;52(18):10689–97.
• Geitner NK, Cooper JL, Avellan A, Castellon BT, Perrotta BG, Bossa N, et al. Size-Based Differential Transport, Uptake, and Mass Distribution of Ceria (CeO₂) Nanoparticles in Wetland Mesocosms. Environmental science & technology. 2018 Sep;52(17):9768–76.
• Kollitz EM, De Carbonnel L, Stapleton HM, Lee Ferguson P. The Affinity of Brominated Phenolic Compounds for Human and Zebrafish Thyroid Receptor β: Influence of Chemical Structure. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2018 May;163(1):226–39.
• Espinasse BP, Geitner NK, Schierz A, Therezien M, Richardson CJ, Lowry GV, et al. Comparative Persistence of Engineered Nanoparticles in a Complex Aquatic Ecosystem. Environmental science & technology. 2018 Apr;52(7):4072–8.
• Kassotis CD, Kollitz EM, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. Nonionic Ethoxylated Surfactants Induce Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2018 Mar;162(1):124–36.
• Dasgupta S, Choyke S, Ferguson PL, McElroy AE. Antioxidant responses and oxidative stress in sheepshead minnow larvae exposed to Corexit 9500^® or its component surfactant, DOSS. Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2018 Jan;194:10–7.
• Hollender J, Schymanski EL, Singer HP, Ferguson PL. Nontarget Screening with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in the Environment: Ready to Go? Environmental science & technology. 2017 Oct;51(20):11505–12.
• Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. Comment on "Mutagenic Azo Dyes, Rather Than Flame Retardants, Are the Predominant Brominated Compounds in House Dust". Environmental science & technology. 2017 Mar;51(6):3588–90.
• Barzen-Hanson KA, Roberts SC, Choyke S, Oetjen K, McAlees A, Riddell N, et al. Discovery of 40 Classes of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Historical Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) and AFFF-Impacted Groundwater. Environmental science & technology. 2017 Feb;51(4):2047–57.
• Bisesi JH, Robinson SE, Lavelle CM, Ngo T, Castillo B, Crosby H, et al. Influence of the Gastrointestinal Environment on the Bioavailability of Ethinyl Estradiol Sorbed to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Environmental science & technology. 2017 Jan;51(2):948–57.
• Cooper EM, Kroeger G, Davis K, Clark CR, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. Results from Screening Polyurethane Foam Based Consumer Products for Flame Retardant Chemicals: Assessing Impacts on the Change in the Furniture Flammability Standards. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Oct;50(19):10653–60.
• Smith LC, Clark JC, Bisesi JH, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. Differential recruitment of co-regulatory proteins to the human estrogen receptor 1 in response to xenoestrogens. Comparative biochemistry and physiology Part D, Genomics & proteomics. 2016 Sep;19:159–73.
• Hoelzer K, Sumner AJ, Karatum O, Nelson RK, Drollette BD, O’Connor MP, et al. Indications of Transformation Products from Hydraulic Fracturing Additives in Shale-Gas Wastewater. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Aug;50(15):8036–48.
• Holden PA, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Klaessig F, Turco RF, Mortimer M, Hund-Rinke K, et al. Considerations of Environmentally Relevant Test Conditions for Improved Evaluation of Ecological Hazards of Engineered Nanomaterials. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Jun;50(12):6124–45.
• Smith LC, Ralston-Hooper KJ, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Agonist G-1 Inhibits Nuclear Estrogen Receptor Activity and Stimulates Novel Phosphoproteomic Signatures. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. 2016 Jun;151(2):434–46.
• Stravs MA, Mechelke J, Ferguson PL, Singer H, Hollender J. Microvolume trace environmental analysis using peak-focusing online solid-phase extraction-nano-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2016 Mar;408(7):1879–90.
• Czaplicki LM, Cooper E, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM, Vilgalys R, Gunsch CK. A New Perspective on Sustainable Soil Remediation-Case Study Suggests Novel Fungal Genera Could Facilitate in situ Biodegradation of Hazardous Contaminants. Remediation (New York, NY). 2016 Jan;26(2):59–72.
• Li H-X, Getzinger GJ, Ferguson PL, Orihuela B, Zhu M, Rittschof D. Effects of Toxic Leachate from Commercial Plastics on Larval Survival and Settlement of the Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite. Environmental science & technology. 2016 Jan;50(2):924–31.
• Getzinger GJ, O’Connor MP, Hoelzer K, Drollette BD, Karatum O, Deshusses MA, et al. Natural Gas Residual Fluids: Sources, Endpoints, and Organic Chemical Composition after Centralized Waste Treatment in Pennsylvania. Environmental science & technology. 2015 Jul;49(14):8347–55.
• Bisesi JH, Ngo T, Ponnavolu S, Liu K, Lavelle CM, Afrooz ARMN, et al. Examination of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Uptake and Toxicity from Dietary Exposure: Tracking Movement and Impacts in the Gastrointestinal System. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland). 2015 Jun;5(2):1066–86.
• Khan IA, Flora JRV, Nabiul Afrooz ARM, Aich N, Schierz PA, Ferguson PL, et al. Change in Chirality of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Can Overcome Anionic Surfactant Stabilization: A Systematic Study of Aggregation Kinetics. Environmental chemistry (Collingwood, Vic). 2015 May;12(6):652–61.
• Parks AN, Chandler GT, Ho KT, Burgess RM, Ferguson PL. Environmental biodegradability of [¹⁴C] single-walled carbon nanotubes by Trametes versicolor and natural microbial cultures found in New Bedford Harbor sediment and aerated wastewater treatment plant sludge. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2015 Feb;34(2):247–51.
• Fang M, Webster TF, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. Characterizing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) ligand binding potential of several major flame retardants, their metabolites, and chemical mixtures in house dust. Environmental health perspectives. 2015 Feb;123(2):166–72.
• Fang M, Webster TF, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. Characterizing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) ligand binding potential of several major flame retardants, their metabolites, and chemical mixtures in house dust. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2015 Jan 1;123(2):166–72.
• Fang M, Getzinger GJ, Cooper EM, Clark BW, Garner LVT, Di Giulio RT, et al. Effect-directed analysis of Elizabeth River porewater: developmental toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2014 Dec;33(12):2767–74.
• Sanpui P, Zheng X, Loeb JC, Bisesi JH, Khan IA, Afrooz ARMN, et al. Single-walled carbon nanotubes increase pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus infectivity of lung epithelial cells. Particle and fibre toxicology. 2014 Dec;11:66.
• Schierz A, Espinasse B, Wiesner MR, Bisesi JH, Sabo-Attwood T, Lee Ferguson P. Fate of single walled carbon nanotubes in wetland ecosystems. Environmental Science: Nano. 2014 Dec 1;1(6):574–83.
• Parks AN, Chandler GT, Portis LM, Sullivan JC, Perron MM, Cantwell MG, et al. Effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability of PCBs in field-contaminated sediments. Nanotoxicology. 2014 Aug;8 Suppl 1:111–7.
• Parks AN, Burgess RM, Ho KT, Ferguson PL. On the likelihood of single-walled carbon nanotubes causing adverse marine ecological effects. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management. 2014 Jul 1;10(3):472–4.
• Dodder NG, Maruya KA, Lee Ferguson P, Grace R, Klosterhaus S, La Guardia MJ, et al. Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in mussels (Mytilus spp.) along the California coast and the influence of land use, storm water discharge, and treated wastewater effluent. Marine pollution bulletin. 2014 Apr;81(2):340–6.
• Levin ED, Cauley M, Johnson JE, Cooper EM, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL, et al. Prenatal dexamethasone augments the neurobehavioral teratology of chlorpyrifos: significance for maternal stress and preterm labor. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2014;41:35–42.
• Bisesi JH, Merten J, Liu K, Parks AN, Afrooz ARMN, Glenn JB, et al. Tracking and quantification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in fish using near infrared fluorescence. Environmental science & technology. 2014 Jan;48(3):1973–83.
• Dong W, Macaulay LJ, Kwok KW, Hinton DE, Ferguson PL, Stapleton HM. The PBDE metabolite 6-OH-BDE 47 affects melanin pigmentation and THRβ MRNA expression in the eye of zebrafish embryos. Endocrine disruptors (Austin, Tex). 2014 Jan;2(1):e969072.
• Khan IA, Aich N, Afrooz ARMN, Flora JRV, Schierz PA, Ferguson PL, et al. Fractal structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes in biologically relevant conditions: role of chirality vs. media conditions. Chemosphere. 2013 Nov;93(9):1997–2003.
• Khan IA, Berge ND, Sabo-Attwood T, Ferguson PL, Saleh NB. Single-walled carbon nanotube transport in representative municipal solid waste landfill conditions. Environmental science & technology. 2013 Aug;47(15):8425–33.
• Parks AN, Portis LM, Schierz PA, Washburn KM, Perron MM, Burgess RM, et al. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes to benthic organisms at the base of the marine food chain. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2013 Jun;32(6):1270–7.
• Khan IA, Afrooz ARMN, Flora JRV, Schierz PA, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T, et al. Chirality affects aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Environmental science & technology. 2013 Feb;47(4):1844–52.
• Ralston-Hooper KJ, Turner ME, Soderblom EJ, Villeneuve D, Ankley GT, Moseley MA, et al. Application of a label-free, gel-free quantitative proteomics method for ecotoxicological studies of small fish species. Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Jan 15;47(2):1091–100.
• Stapleton HM, Sharma S, Getzinger G, Ferguson PL, Gabriel M, Webster TF, et al. Novel and high volume use flame retardants in US couches reflective of the 2005 PentaBDE phase out. Environmental science & technology. 2012 Dec;46(24):13432–9.
• Plata DL, Ferguson PL, Westerhoff P. Express it in numbers: efforts to quantify engineered nanoparticles in environmental matrices advance. Environmental science & technology. 2012 Nov;46(22):12243–5.
• Schierz A, Parks AN, Washburn KM, Chandler GT, Ferguson PL. Characterization and quantitative analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the aquatic environment using near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopy. Environmental science & technology. 2012 Nov;46(22):12262–71.
• Kashiwada S, Ariza ME, Kawaguchi T, Nakagame Y, Jayasinghe BS, Gärtner K, et al. Silver nanocolloids disrupt medaka embryogenesis through vital gene expressions. Environmental science & technology. 2012 Jun;46(11):6278–87.
• Chandler GT, Ferguson PL, Klauber WW, Washburn KM. A critical body residue approach for predicting persistent bioaccumulative toxicant effects on reproduction and population dynamics of meiobenthic copepods. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2012 May;31(5):1076–82.
• Ferguson PL, Huset CA, Hyland KC, Geis S, Mager A, Cancilla DA, et al. Characterization of toxic components in aircraft deicer fluids using bioassay directed fractionation and high resolution mass spectrometry. In: ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 2012.
• Gaertner K, Chandler GT, Quattro J, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T. Identification and expression of the ecdysone receptor in the harpacticoid copepod, Amphiascus tenuiremis, in response to fipronil. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2012 Feb;76(2):39–45.
• von der Kammer F, Ferguson PL, Holden PA, Masion A, Rogers KR, Klaine SJ, et al. Analysis of engineered nanomaterials in complex matrices (environment and biota): general considerations and conceptual case studies. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2012 Jan;31(1):32–49.
• Yang S, Parks AN, Saba SA, Ferguson PL, Liu J. Photoluminescence from inner walls in double-walled carbon nanotubes: some do, some do not. Nano letters. 2011 Oct;11(10):4405–10.
• Stapleton HM, Klosterhaus S, Keller A, Ferguson PL, van Bergen S, Cooper E, et al. Identification of flame retardants in polyurethane foam collected from baby products. Environmental science & technology. 2011 Jun;45(12):5323–31.
• Ela WP, Sedlak DL, Barlaz MA, Henry HF, Muir DCG, Swackhamer DL, et al. Toward identifying the next generation of superfund and hazardous waste site contaminants. Environmental health perspectives. 2011 Jan;119(1):6–10.
• Frey RL, He L, Cui Y, Decho AW, Kawaguchi T, Ferguson PL, et al. Reaction of N-acylhomoserine lactones with hydroxyl radicals: rates, products, and effects on signaling activity. Environmental science & technology. 2010 Oct;44(19):7465–9.
• Khan IA, Ferguson PL, Sabo-Attwood T, Saleh NB. Systematic change in chirality affects aggregation kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes. In: ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. AMER CHEMICAL SOC; 2010.
• Cui Y, Frey RL, Ferry JL, Ferguson PL. Identification of hydroxyl radical oxidation products of N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2009 Apr;23(8):1212–20.
• Kashiwada S, Tatsuta H, Kameshiro M, Sugaya Y, Sabo-Attwood T, Chandler GT, et al. Stage-dependent differences in effects of carbaryl on population growth rate in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2008 Nov;27(11):2397–402.
• Ferguson PL, Chandler GT, Templeton RC, DeMarco A, Scrivens WA, Englehart BA. Influence of sediment-amendment with single-walled carbon nanotubes and diesel soot on bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants by benthic invertebrates. Environmental science & technology. 2008 May;42(10):3879–85.
• Barnhill HN, Reuther R, Ferguson PL, Dreher T, Wang Q. Turnip yellow mosaic virus as a chemoaddressable bionanoparticle. Bioconjugate chemistry. 2007 May;18(3):852–9.
• Templeton RC, Ferguson PL, Washburn KM, Scrivens WA, Chandler GT. Life-cycle effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on an estuarine meiobenthic copepod. Environmental science & technology. 2006 Dec;40(23):7387–93.
• Eichhorn P, Ferguson PL, Pérez S, Aga DS. Application of ion trap-MS with H/D exchange and QqTOF-MS in the identification of microbial degradates of trimethoprim in nitrifying activated sludge. Analytical chemistry. 2005 Jul;77(13):4176–84.
• Cotham WE, Metz TO, Ferguson PL, Brock JWC, Hinton DJS, Thorpe SR, et al. Proteomic analysis of arginine adducts on glyoxal-modified ribonuclease. Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP. 2004 Dec;3(12):1145–53.
• Strittmatter EF, Ferguson PL, Tang K, Smith RD. Proteome analyses using accurate mass and elution time peptide tags with capillary LC time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2003 Sep;14(9):980–91.
• Ferguson PL, Bopp RF, Chillrud SN, Aller RC, Brownawell BJ. Biogeochemistry of nonylphenol ethoxylates in urban estuarine sediments. Environmental Science & Technology. 2003 Aug;37(16):3499–506.
• Petritis K, Kangas LJ, Ferguson PL, Anderson GA, Pasa-Tolić L, Lipton MS, et al. Use of artificial neural networks for the accurate prediction of peptide liquid chromatography elution times in proteome analyses. Analytical chemistry. 2003 Mar;75(5):1039–48.
• Giger W, Suter M, Oehme M, Berger U, Brombacher S, Kölliker S, et al. Focal point: Hyphenated mass spectrometry: A. Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry. Chimia. 2003 Jan 1;57(1–2):35–8.
• Ferguson PL, Brownawell BJ. Degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates in estuarine sediment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2003;22(6):1189–99.
• Ferguson PL, Smith RD. Proteome analysis by mass spectrometry. Annual review of biophysics and biomolecular structure. 2003 Jan;32:399–424.
• Ferguson PL, Benotti MJ, Brownawell BJ. Advances in the application of high performance mass spectrometry to problems in environmental toxicology and chemistry. Chimia. 2003;57(1–2):36–7.
• Lee Ferguson P, Ahrens MJ, Rieger RA, Cotham WE, Brownawell BJ, Iden CR. Characterization of marine worm digestive fluid surfactants by electrospray MS/MS. In: Proceedings 50th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. 2002. p. 415–6.
• Klosterhaus SL, Ferguson PL, Chandlert GT. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation by meiobenthic copepods inhabiting a superfund site: techniques for micromass body burden and total lipid analysis. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 2002 Nov;21(11):2331–7.
• Zulkosky AM, Ferguson PL, McElroy AE. Effects of sewage-impacted sediment on reproduction in the benthic crustacean Leptocheirus plumulosus. Marine environmental research. 2002 Sep;54(3–5):615–9.
• Todorov JR, Elskus AA, Schlenk D, Ferguson PL, Brownawell BJ, McElroy AE. Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent. Marine environmental research. 2002 Sep;54(3–5):691–5.
• Brownawell BJ, Ferguson PL, Benotti MJ. Applications of HPLC-MS in marine organic geochemistry. In: Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society. 2002.
• Ferguson PL, Benotti MJ, Heine CE, Brownawell BJ. HPLC time-of-flight mass spectrometry: An alternative to LC-MS-MS for sensitive and selective determination of polar organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. In: Abstracts Of Papers Of The American Chemical Society. 2002.
• Ferguson PL, Iden CR, Brownawel BJ. Analysis of nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in environmental samples by mixed-mode high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of chromatography A. 2001 Dec;938(1–2):79–91.
• Ferguson PL, Iden CR, McElroy AE, Brownawell BJ. Determination of steroid estrogens in wastewater by immunoaffinity extraction coupled with HPLC-electrospray-MS. Analytical chemistry. 2001 Aug;73(16):3890–5.
• Ferguson PL, Iden CR, Brownawell BJ. Distribution and fate of neutral alkylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in a sewage-impacted urban estuary. Environmental science & technology. 2001 Jun;35(12):2428–35.
• Ferguson PL, Iden CR, Brownawell BJ. Analysis of alkylphenol ethoxylate metabolites in the aquatic environment using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry. 2000 Sep;72(18):4322–30.
• Goumon Y, Casares F, Pryor S, Ferguson L, Brownawell B, Cadet P, et al. Ascaris suum, an intestinal parasite, produces morphine. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md : 1950). 2000 Jul;165(1):339–43.
• Ferguson PL, Chandler GT. A laboratory and field comparison of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation by the cosmopolitan estuarine polychaete Streblospio benedicti (Webster). Marine Environmental Research. 1998 May 1;45(4–5):387–401.

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